Cultural Anthropology Essay

1. How does a cultures physical environment shape the shell of subsistence pattern they practice? How does subsistence impact a cultures degree of cordial cordial stratification? How is the degree of companionable stratification mirrored in religious brasss?The aggregate of sunlight and rainf either and the oddballs of soil, forests, and mineral deposits all nurture an effect on the eccentric of subsistence pattern a particular golf-club develops. For example, In the U.S night club the great unwashed reserve divers(prenominal) choices to observe their pabulum much(prenominal) as obtain their food from a fast-food restaurant or obtain their food for cooking from a grocery reposition or supermarket other societies have dissimilar ways to obtain their food supplies. Which snuff it us to different emblem of sprightliness practices to get food such as people who resilient close to ocean do fishing practices and people who live near to a desert obtain their food by hunting. The specific biome and environmental conditions may limit the development of sealed shells of subsistence patterns. For example, Arctic conditions are not tributary to agricultural activities, nor are arid regions desirable for rice production. In some societies of wealth, king and prestige are linked with will power of land or the account of animals acquired.2. account frugalal switch over among band societies and it purpose. How does this sheath of exchange change with different societal pillow slips and why?The major form of economic system with band societies is called reciprocal economic system the system is based on exchanges among family conventions as a substance of distributing goods and execute through egress the society. One of the main reasons for this system of reciprocal exchange is that food and other resources must usually be consumed immediately. on that point are three types of reciprocity generalized, balanced, and negative. The intima tely social assistd matchless among societies is called generalized reciprocity (Own Group), an immediate return is not pass judgment and that the value of the exchanges will balance expose in the long run. For example, in our society parents production motor political machinee of their kids, so you take care of them in their overage age. other adept is balanced reciprocity (Other Groups) this type is more than direct with immediate return. For example, in our society change money for someone, such as change a horse for someone to four quarter to use the snick machine. The last one disallow Reciprocity (Rare), it is the attempt to get something out of nothing. For example, in our societies people who go to the car dealer prove to take the car for the cheapest price they roll in the hay and the dealer try to take more money from the buyer. twain of them are negative reciprocity which content try to get something out of nothing. They do them because it makes the beari ng for them easier and without the sharing between them life would be barder and less pleasant. The greater predictability and soaking up of resources within a particular region, the more pronounced the conceptions of private ownership and soap rights to territory among foragers in comparison to territorial reserve rights among different hunter-gathers.3.What are some ways in which the higher degree of mobility come acrosss the technologies, subsistence behaviors, and social organization of pastoralists versus horticulturalists? Higher degree of mobility affects the group to maintain a certain number of people in the group to financial backing it effective to move to another place. To do so, they use this mean called, Fissioning, moving of people from one group to another. Another factor of population control is infanticide, the deliberate forsaking or killing of infants, and geronticide, the killing of old people. Higher degree of mobility to a fault affect the technologies. In this case, technology does not observe to just tools or artifacts, but it also includes the cultural knowledge that has to be hold by the society.All foraging peoples have an extensive knowledge of their environmental conditions and of the appropriciate means of solving technological problems in these environments. diametric from horticulturalists, foragers need to know where to finger the plants, when to find them during different seasons, which plants are edible, and so on since they need to move during different seasons to espouse game and other resources. Inuit created an extremely mingled foraging technology. Because of the weather conditions and the environment, they developed advanced(a) techniques for curing hides from caribou and seals to make boots, parkas, and cytosine goggles.4. Marriage is a human universal. In what forms does mating exist and why? What is the function of endogamy and exogamy? How do forms of uniting exchange vary and how does each function to serve society?Marriage stomach a systemic form of social mobility for the entire society. Endogamy is a type of marriage between people of the identical social group or category. endogamous marriages are carefully arranged so as to maintain genealogically get hold of kinship bonds and descent relations in the top-ranking descent group. Exogamy is a type of marriage between people of different social group or categories. Having this type of marriage gives significant benefit to the one side of kinship, which does not have as power as the another kinship, because they can share the power once one get married. Most agricultural states honest some form of marital exchange. The nearly common type of exchange was dowry- goods and wealth paid by the brides family to the takes family. Dowry appears to be to the makes family exchanges wealth for the bride. The dowry was utilize as a social exchange between families to arrange a marriage contract.